Seamless vs Welded vs Spiral Steel Pipe: Which Do You Need?
By Shanghai Banzhijia Steel · · 3 min read
Pipe buyers often start by comparing price per ton, but the first real question is how the pipe is made. Seamless, ERW, LSAW and spiral pipe differ in how they are formed and in the sizes and service they suit. Choosing the right type avoids paying for capability you do not need, or buying pipe that cannot do the job.
Seamless, ERW, LSAW and Spiral Pipe Compared
Type
How it is made
Seam
Typical size range
Typical uses
Seamless
Pierced from a solid billet
None
Small to about 24 in
Pressure, high-temperature and boiler service
ERW
Strip formed and resistance welded
Straight
Up to about 24 in
Water, structural and general line pipe
LSAW
Plate formed and submerged arc welded
Straight
About 16 in and larger
Large-diameter pipelines and heavy structures
SSAW (spiral)
Strip formed into a helix and submerged arc welded
Spiral
Large diameters
Water lines, piling and structural pipe
Size ranges are approximate and differ by mill and standard. This comparison of seamless, ERW and LSAW pipe gives more background. Confirm the actual range with your supplier.
Seamless Steel Pipe
With no weld seam, seamless pipe is often specified for pressure and high-temperature service, or where the code or specification requires it. Larger sizes and thick walls can cost considerably more and may be harder to source, so do not specify seamless by habit if your code allows another type.
ERW Welded Pipe
ERW pipe is made from strip with a straight seam, and it is usually an economical choice in common sizes. It suits many water, gas, structural and general services when the standard and inspection level fit the job.
LSAW and Spiral (SSAW) Pipe
Both are used for large diameters. LSAW is made from plate with a straight seam, and it is common on demanding large-diameter pipelines. Spiral pipe has a helical seam, which makes large diameters practical and is widely used for water lines and piling. Project requirements should decide whether spiral pipe is acceptable for pressure service.
How to Choose the Right Pipe
Start with the service: what flows through it, at what pressure and temperature, or is it structural?
Check the code: your design code or project specification may require or exclude a type.
Size the pipe: diameter and wall thickness narrow the practical choices.
Consider corrosion: decide on coating or galvanizing based on the environment.
Compare total cost: include inspection, coating, freight and any lead time differences.
Common Pipe Standards
ASTM A106: seamless carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service
ASTM A53: seamless and welded pipe for general use
API 5L: seamless and welded line pipe
GB/T 8162 and GB/T 8163: Chinese seamless pipe for structural and fluid use
GB/T 3091: Chinese welded pipe for low-pressure fluids
GB/T 9711: Chinese line pipe
What to Include in Your Inquiry
Spiral welded steel pipe, API 5L Gr.B PSL1, OD 1016 × 12 mm × 12 m, 3PE coated, bevelled ends, 500 tons, CIF [destination port].
Pipe type, standard and grade
Outside diameter, wall thickness, length and quantity
End type, coating or galvanizing
Service conditions, if you need advice on the type
Testing and certificates required
Frequently Asked Questions
Is seamless pipe always better than welded pipe?
No. It avoids a weld seam, but modern welded pipe suits many services at lower cost. The specification and service should decide.
Can spiral pipe be used for piling?
It is widely used for this, subject to the pile design and required standard.
What does PSL1 or PSL2 mean?
They are product specification levels in API 5L. PSL2 has stricter requirements than PSL1, so choose the level stated in your specification.
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